长期护理保险政策对养老护理员队伍的影响及优化对策研究

通过对养老护理员队伍稳定性的调查研究,了解长护险制度对于养老机构护理员队伍离职意愿的影响,为提高护理员队伍稳定性、促进队伍良性发展提供长护险政策优化对策和建议。采用定性和定量相结合的调查研究办法,对上海养老机构和居家养老护理员进行问卷调查和个别访谈,采用SPSS23.0软件统计分析调查资料。结果显示,在长护险制度背景下养老机构护理员压力趋多、负担趋重、薪酬公平感降低,队伍稳定性受到极大影响,建议通过缩小养老机构和居家养老护理员之间的薪酬差距,建立居家养老护理员实地培训基地,注重护理员队伍的培育和素质提升问题,优化护理员考核评价标准等一系列措施,优化长期护理保险政策。     

Highly efficient synthesis of(R)-1,3-butanediol via anti-Prelog reduction of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone with absolute stereoselectivity by a newly isolated Pichia kudriavzevii

(R)-1,3-butanediol is an important pharmaceutical intermediate, and the synthesis of(R)-1,3-butanediol using green biological methods has recently been of interest for industrial application. Here, a novel strain QC-1 that efficiently transforms 4-hydroxy-2-butanone to(R)-1,3-butanediol was isolated from soil samples. Based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests and 5.8 S-internal transcribed spacer sequencing, the strain was identified as Pichia kudriavzevii QC-1. The reaction conditions were optimized to 35 ℃, pH 8.0, rotation speed 200 rpm, and 6:5 mass ratio of glucose to 4-hydroxy-2-butanone. Evaluation of the effects of 4-hydroxy-2-butanone concentrations on yield and cell survival rate showed that 85.60 g·L~(-1) product accumulated, with an enantiomeric excess of more than 99%, when 30 g·L~(-1)4-hydroxy-2-butanone was added at 0, 10, and 30 h in a 3-L bioreactor. Thus, strain QC-1 showed excellent catalytic activity and stereoselectivity for the synthesis of(R)-1,3-butanediol from 4-hydroxy-2-butanone.     

Thermodynamic modeling and phase diagram prediction of salt lake brine systems. I. Aqueous Mg2+–Ca2+–Cl− binary and ternary systems

Salt lake brine is a complex salt-water system under natural environment. Although many models can express the thermodynamic properties and phase equilibrium of electrolyte aqueous solution, the multi-temperature characteristics and predictability are still the goals of model development. In this study, a comprehensive thermodynamic model system is re-established based on the eNRTL model and some improvements: (1) new expression of long-range electrostatic term with symmetrical reference state is proposed to handle the electrolyte solution covering entire concentration range; (2) the temperature dependence of the binary interaction parameters is formulated with a Gibbs Helmholtz expression containing three temperature coefficients, the liquid parameters, which associated with Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and heat capacity contribution; and (3) liquid parameters and solid species data are regressed from properties and solubility data at full temperature range. Together the activity coefficient model, property models and parameters of liquid and solid offer a comprehensive thermodynamic model system for the typical bittern of MgCl₂–CaCl₂–H₂O binary and ternary systems, and it shows excellent agreement with the literature data for the ternary and binary systems. The successful prediction of complete phase diagram of ternary system shows that the model has the ability to deal with high concentration and high non-ideality system, and the ability to extrapolate the temperature.     

Influence of Pluronic coating formulation on iron oxide nanoparticle transport in natural and oil-impacted sandy aquifer media

Targeted delivery of nanoparticles has the potential to enhance remediation and characterization of sites contaminated with non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) by ensuring delivery of treatment or contrast agents to the NAPL/water interface. For a targeted delivery technique to be successful, nanoparticles must be capable of transporting through porous media and binding to NAPLs under relevant geological conditions. In this study, successful targeted delivery of nanoparticles to sandy aquifer material mixed with crude oil was achieved using an active targeting technique based on an amphiphilic polymer coating. It was determined that the molecular structure and concentration of the nanoparticle coating greatly influenced the recovery of nanoparticles injected into saturated columns. Coatings with longer polymer molecules and lower polymer concentrations reduced recovery, and the nanoparticle coating formulation could be adjusted to improve transport while maintaining targeted binding behaviour. This study demonstrated that nanoparticle retention in oil-impacted sand exceeded that of clean sand in flow through experiments, indicating that a nanoparticle targeted delivery strategy for soil contaminated with LNAPLs such as crude oil is possible under the experimental conditions explored.     

HVAF喷涂Inconel625涂层在生物质发电环境的高温腐蚀行为

秸秆等生物质焚烧发电时产生的含氯气体和碱金属氯化物腐蚀使受热面金属管道的服役寿命比煤电机组显著降低。 管材表面堆焊镍基耐腐蚀合金的技术尽管可显著提高管道服役寿命,但存在工作效率低、不适合现场施工、管道热变形等诸多问题。 采用可现场施工的空气超音速火焰喷涂(HVAF)在 TP347H 耐热钢表面,制备了 Inconel 镍基耐高温腐蚀涂层,研究了 TP347H 耐热钢喷涂 Inconel 625 合金涂层前后的长期高温腐蚀特性(550 ℃ ,500 h),验证了 HVAF Inconel 625 合金涂层的高温含氯腐蚀防护作用。 显微观察结果表明,优化工艺参数条件下 HVAF 涂层组织致密、 孔隙率低至 0. 72%,与基材结合良好。 腐蚀增重结果表明,采用 HVAF 制备 Inconel 625 合金涂层后,TP347H 耐热钢的腐蚀增重降低 7. 6 倍,耐腐蚀性能显著提升。 冲蚀试验结果表明,HVAF Inconel 625 合金涂层在最初阶段由于表层凸起颗粒的剥落而冲蚀性能极低,进入稳定阶段后耐冲蚀性能提高,与 TP347H 基材的耐冲蚀性能相当。     

热轧双相钢生产现状、存在问题及发展趋势浅析

介绍了国内外热轧双相钢的发展现状；对热轧双相钢的成分体系和关键生产工艺进行了总结，指出了目前热轧双相钢在生产过程中存在的问题；提出了未来热轧双相钢的主要发展方向为低成本、高强度、低负荷、高表面质量和“以热代冷”。     

基于路面变形控制标准的综合管廊穿越高速公路的安全评估

以北京新机场临空经济区综合管廊穿越京开高速工程为背景,采用数值分析的方法模拟施工全过程,通过计算综合管廊第1层及第2层穿越高速公路时的路面变形值,总结高速公路路面变形规律并提出变形控制值,以确保综合管廊的安全施工,为后续类似工程提供依据和参考。     

Green tea powder supplementation enhances fermentation and antioxidant activity of set-type yogurt

Food Science and Biotechnology - Yogurt is a fermented dairy food produced by growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Green tea is associated with beneficial health effects. Thus, the aim of this...     

QoI-aware incentive for multimedia crowdsensing enabled learning system

While much research has been devoted to algorithm improvement of the machine learning model for multimedia applications, relatively little research has focused on the acquisition of massive multimedia datasets with strict data demands for model training. In this paper, we propose a Quality-of-Information (QoI) aware incentive mechanism in multimedia crowdsensing, with the objective of promoting the growth of an initial training model. We begin with a reverse auction incentive model to maximize social welfare while meeting the requirements in quality, timeliness, correlation, and coverage. Then, we discuss how to achieve the optimal social welfare in the presence of an NP-hard winner determination problem. Lastly, we design an effective incentive mechanism to solve the auction problem, which is shown to be truthful, individually rational and computationally efficient. Our evaluation study is carried out using a real multimedia dataset. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed incentive mechanism produces close-to-optimal social welfare noticeably, while accompanied by accelerating the growth of the machine learning model with a high-QoI dataset.     

Fast Chemo‐Responsive Shape Memory of Stretchable Polymer Nanocomposite Aerogels Fabricated by One‐Step Method

A new type of stretchable poly(caprolactone)/graphene oxide (PCL/GO) aerogel with fast chemo‐responsive shape memory effect is fabricated by one‐step method of a sol‐gel procedure. The PCL/GO aerogels show uniformly circular and interconnected pores formed by twisted PCL nanolayers. GO platelets improve the crystallinity of PCL and increase the fracture stress and strain by 150% and 300% respectively, although the GO loading is only 0.5%. The dramatic increment of break strain is attributed to the uniform and circular pores that can afford large deformation and the interaction of GO and PCL. The aerogels can be programmed by external stress at ambient temperature without heating and recover upon ethyl acetate (EA) in 1 s. The fast chemo‐responsive shape recovery is ascribed to the fast wrinkle of the PCL nanolayers that decrease the diffusion time greatly and the interconnected micrometer pores that are in favor of penetrating for EA molecules.